Research

Hard Water & Its Effects on Skin and Hair

Over 60% of German households have hard to very hard water (above 14°dH), with some cities like Cologne, Frankfurt, and Berlin exceeding 20°dH. The studies below explore how hard water and limescale deposits may affect skin and hair health. Rivoara is designed to help reduce the impact of limescale and mineral buildup during your shower.

Effect of Hard Water on Hair

International Journal of Trichology · 2018

Study found that hard water decreases hair strength, increases roughness, and causes tangling compared to deionized water.

Water Hardness and Atopic Eczema in German Children

Environmental Research · 2016

Higher domestic water hardness was associated with increased risk of eczema in schoolchildren in Germany.

Hard Water and Eczema Risk in Infants

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2017

Living in a hard water area was associated with up to 87% increased risk of eczema at 3 months of age.

Hard Water and Eczema in UK Adults

PLOS ONE / UK Biobank · 2022

Study of UK adults found association between domestic hard water exposure and increased eczema prevalence.

Water Quality and Skin Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis

British Journal of Dermatology · 2019

Exposure to hard water was shown to increase skin sensitivity and may contribute to barrier dysfunction.

Wasserhärte in Deutschland

Wassertipps.de Database · 2024

Database of 75,000+ water quality records shows large parts of Germany have hard to very hard water (over 14°dH), particularly in southern and eastern regions.

Disclaimer

The studies referenced above are provided for informational purposes only. Individual results may vary. Rivoara does not claim to soften water or treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition. Our filter is designed to help reduce the effects of limescale and mineral deposits on hair and skin during showering, using KDF-55 filtration media. We do not claim to change water hardness levels.